that we applied CSS transform: translate(x, y) to. Using a separate div made it easy to control the order that these transforms were applied to the canvas, which was important for preventing the camera from moving when toggling the zoom level.
We ended up supporting a variety of ways to adjust the camera position, including:
Click and dragClick to moveKeyboard navigation
Each of these methods required a slightly different approach.
Click-and-drag
The primary way of navigating was click-and-drag (or touch-and-drag). We stored the x, y position of the mousedown event. On each mousemove event, we found the offset of the mouse position relative to that start position, then added that offset to the existing saved canvas offset. The camera position was updated immediately so that this form of navigation felt really responsive.
Click-to-move
We also allowed clicking on a tile to center that tile on the screen. To accomplish this, we had to keep track of the distance moved between the mousedown and mouseup events, in order to distinguish “clicks” from “drags”. If the mouse did not move enough to be considered a “drag”, we adjusted the camera position by the difference between the mouse position and the point at the center of the screen. Unlike click-and-drag movement, the camera position was updated with an easing function applied. Instead of setting the new position immediately, we saved it as a “target” position. Inside the animation loop (the same one used to redraw the canvas), we moved the current camera position closer to the target using an easing function. This prevented the camera move from feeling too jarring.
Keyboard navigation
We also supported navigating with the keyboard, using either the WASD keys or the arrow keys. The four direction keys controlled an internal movement vector. This vector defaulted to (0, 0) when no movement keys were down, and each of the direction keys added or subtracted 1 from either the x or y component of the vector when pressed. For example, pressing the “right” and “up” keys would set the movement vector to (1, -1). This movement vector was then used inside the animation loop to move the camera.
During the animation loop, a movement speed was calculated based on the current zoom level using the formula:
movementSpeed = maxZoom / currentZoom * speedMultiplier
This made keyboard navigation faster when zoomed out, which felt a lot more natural.
The movement vector is then normalized and multiplied by the movement speed, then applied to the current camera position. We normalized the vector to make sure diagonal movement was the same speed as orthogonal movement, which also helped it feel more natural. Finally, we applied the same kind of easing function to changes to the movement vector itself. This smoothed out changes in movement direction and speed, making the camera feel much more fluid and juicy.
Mobile app support
There were a couple of additional challenges to embedding the canvas in the mobile apps for iOS and Android. First, we needed to authenticate the user so they could place tiles. Unlike on the web, where authentication is session based, with the mobile apps we use OAuth. This means that the app needs to provide the webview with an access token for the currently logged in user. The safest way to do this was to inject the oauth authorization headers by making a javascript call from the app to the webview (this would’ve also allowed us to set other headers if needed). It was then a matter of passing the authorization headers along with each api call.
r.place.injectHeaders({‘Authorization’: ‘Bearer ’});
For the iOS side we additionally implemented notification support when your next tile was ready to be placed on the canvas. Since tile placement occurred completely in the webview we needed to implement a callback to the native app. Fortunately with iOS 8 and higher this is possible with a simple javascript call:
webkit.messageHandlers.tilePlacedHandler.postMessage(this.cooldown / 1000);
The delegate method in the app then schedules a notification based on the cooldown timer that was passed in.
What We Learned
You’ll always miss something
Since we had planned everything out perfectly, we knew when we launched, nothing could possibly go wrong. We had load tested the frontend, load tested the backend, there was simply no way we humans could have made any other mistakes.
Right?
The launch went smoothly. Over the course of the morning, as the popularity of r/place went up, so did the number of connections and traffic to our websockets instances:
No big deal, and exactly what we expected. Strangely enough, we thought we were network-bound on those instances and figured we had a lot more headway. Looking at the CPU of the instances, however, painted a different picture:
Those are 8-core instances, so it was clear they were reaching their limits. Why were these boxes suddenly behaving so differently? We chalked it up to place being a much different workload type than they’d seen before. After all, these were lots of very tiny messages; we typically send out larger messages like live thread updates and notifications. We also usually don’t have that many people all receiving the same message, so a lot of things were different.
Still, no big deal, we figured we’d just scale it and call it a day. The on-call person doubled the number of instances and went to a doctor’s appointment, not a care in the world.
Then, this happened:
That graph may seem unassuming if it weren’t for the fact that it was for our production Rabbit MQ instance, which handles not only our websockets messages but basically everything that reddit.com relies on. And it wasn’t happy; it wasn’t happy at all.
After a lot of investigating, hand-wringing, and instance upgrading, we narrowed down the problem to the management interface. It had always seemed kind of slow, and we realized that the rabbit diamond collector we use for getting our stats was querying it regularly. We believe that the additional exchanges created when launching new websockets instances, combined with the throughput of messages we were receiving on those exchanges, caused rabbit to buckle while trying to do bookkeeping to do queries for the admin interface. So we turned it off, and things got better.
We don’t like being in the dark, so we whipped up an artisanal, hand-crafted monitoring script to get us through the project:
$ cat s****y_diamond.sh
#!/bin/bash
/usr/sbin/rabbitmqctl list_queues | /usr/bin/awk '$2~/[0-9]/{print "servers.foo.bar.rabbit.rabbitmq.queues." $1 ".messages " $2 " " systime()}' | /bin/grep -v 'amq.gen' | /bin/nc 10.1.2.3 2013
If you’re wondering why we kept adjusting the timeouts on placing pixels, there you have it. We were trying to relieve pressure to keep the whole project running. This is also the reason why, during one period, some pixels were taking a long time to show up.
So unfortunately, despite what messages like this would have you believe:
10K upvotes to reduce the cooldown even further! *ADMIN APPROVED* by
u/FurryB3ast in
place
The reasons for the adjustments were entirely technical. Although it was cool to watch r/place/new after making the change:
So maybe that was part of the motivation.
Bots Will Be Bots
We ran into one more slight hiccup at the end of the project. In general, one of our recurring problems is clients with bad retry behavior. A lot of clients, when faced with an error, will simply retry. And retry. And retry. This means whenever there is a hiccup on the site, it can often turn into a retry storm from some clients who have not been programmed to back-off in the case of trouble.
When we turned off place, the endpoints that a lot of bots were hitting started returning non-200s. Code like this wasn’t very nice. Thankfully, this was easy to block at the Fastly layer.
Creating Something More
This project could not have come together so successfully without a tremendous amount of teamwork. We’d like to thank u/gooeyblob, u/egonkasper, u/eggplanticarus, u/spladug, u/thephilthe, u/d3fect and everyone else who contributed to the r/place team, for making this April Fools’ experiment possible.
And as we mentioned before, if you’re interested in creating unique experiences for millions of users, check out our Careers page.
Want to discuss this blog post? Join the r/place team in the comments on r/programming.
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r/place - Wikipedia
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Online social experiment on Reddit
r/placeLogo of the original 2017 experimentLogo of the 2022 and 2023 experimentsThe canvas in 2023 on the last day of the eventOwnerRedditCreated byJosh WardleURLreddit.com/r/placeRegistrationReddit account requiredLaunchedOriginal launch: April 1, 2017; 6 years ago (2017-04-01)Second launch: April 1, 2022; 23 months ago (2022-04-01)Third launch: July 20, 2023; 7 months ago (2023-07-20)Current statusInactive
r/place is a recurring collaborative project and social experiment hosted on the content aggregator site Reddit. Originally launched on April Fools' Day 2017, it has since been repeated again on April Fools' Day 2022 and on July 20, 2023.
The 2017 experiment involved an online canvas located at a subreddit called r/place. Registered users could edit the canvas by changing the color of a single pixel with a replacement from a 16-color palette. After each pixel was placed, a timer prevented the user from placing any more pixels for a period of time varying from 5 to 20 minutes (depending on whether the user had verified their email address).[1][2] The idea of the experiment was conceived by Josh Wardle.[3][4] It was ended by Reddit administrators about 72 hours after its creation, on 3 April 2017. Over a million users edited the canvas, placing a total of approximately 16 million pixels, and, at the time the experiment was ended, over 90,000 users were actively viewing or editing the canvas. The experiment was commended for its representation of the culture of Reddit's online communities, and of Internet culture as a whole.[5]
Overview[edit]
The experiment, during the 2017 edition, was based in a subreddit called r/place, in which individual registered users could place a single colored pixel (or "tile") on an online canvas of one million (1000 x 1000) pixel squares, and wait a certain amount of time before placing another.[6] In 2017, the waiting time varied from 5 to 20 minutes throughout the experiment, and the user could choose their pixel's color from a palette of sixteen colors.[7][8] The 2022 edition started with the same size and colors as 2017, but the canvas was later expanded to four million (2000 x 2000) pixel squares, and the palette gradually gained sixteen more colors for a total of 32.[9] The 2023 edition also started with the same size as the 2022 and 2017 editions (1000 x 1000), and started with 8 colors. It was later expanded to 2 million (2000 x 1000) pixel squares, with 16 colors, then it expanded to 6 million (3000 x 2000) pixel squares, with 32 colors.[citation needed]
Reddit administrators have the ability to place as many pixels as they want and can use this ability to remove offensive content from r/place. Guidelines have outlined this content as nudity, hate speech, targeted harassment, or otherwise objectionable content.[10][11][12] This power was illustrated in 2023 when messages expressing violence towards the CEO of Reddit as well as some sexual imagery was removed.[13][14]
History[edit]
2017 experiment[edit]
The final product of the original 2017 r/place experiment
The early hours of the experiment were characterized by random pixel placement and chaotic attempts at image creation.[15] Among the first distinct sections of the canvas to emerge was a corner of entirely blue pixels (named "Blue Corner") and a homage to Pokémon.[16] As the canvas developed, some established subreddit communities, such as those for video games, sports teams and individual countries, coordinated their user efforts to claim and decorate particular sections.[15][17] This frequently created conflict between communities competing for space on the canvas.[18] Overall, thousands of communities were involved.[19]
Other sections of the canvas were developed by communities and coordination efforts created specifically for the event. Several works of pixel art sprouted from the collaboration of these communities, such as fictional characters, Internet memes, flags, and recreations of famous pieces of artwork such as the Mona Lisa[20] and The Starry Night.[21][22][3] Several self-declared "cults" also formed to create and maintain various emblematic features such as the (black) void, engulfing art in nothing but black, the green lattice, the aforementioned blue corner, and a multi-colored "rainbow road".[23] At the time of the experiment's end on 3 April 2017, over 90,000 users were viewing and editing the canvas,[24] and over one million users had placed a total of approximately 16 million pixels.[5][18] An analysis found that the final version of the 2017 experiment consisted of art from over 800 communities.[25]
r/place was commended for its colorful representation of the Reddit online community. The A.V. Club called it "a benign, colorful way for Redditors to do what they do best: argue among each other about the things that they love".[26] Gizmodo labelled it as a "testament to the internet's ability to collaborate".[27] A number of commentators described the experiment as a broader representation of Internet culture.[28] Some also commented on the apparent relationship between the makeup of the final canvas and the individual communities within Reddit, which exist independently but cooperate as part of a larger community.[26] Newsweek called it "the internet's best experiment yet",[15] and a writer at Ars Technica suggested that the cooperative spirit of r/place represented a model for fighting extremism in internet communities.[29] The experiment did receive some criticism for the lack of protection from bot usage where users used scripts and macros to automatically draw on the canvas.[30]
Color palette of 2017[31]
2022 experiment[edit]
The final product of the 2022 r/place experiment
On 28 March 2022, a reboot of r/place was announced.[32] It began on 1 April 2022, and lasted for three and a half days, including two expansions of the canvas to allow for more space. The color palette was also expanded on the second and third days.[33][34] Unlike in 2017, individual subreddits immediately began to coordinate in designing pixel art, and large communities were formed on Discord and Twitch in attempts to expand existing art, replace defaced pixels, and superimpose new images over existing ones.[34][35] By the end of the 3.5-day experiment, 160 million pixel changes were operated by over 10.5 million users, at an average pace of about 2 million pixels placed per hour. Of these pixel changes, about 26 million were redundant (same color as previously on the same pixel, but by a different user). These numbers, extracted from the raw data, are not as is mentioned in these erroneous articles.[5][36] During the final few hours before the 2022 Place event ended, Reddit restricted users to placing only white pixels. The entire canvas was gradually filled with white space, making it end up looking the same way it began, entirely white.[37][38]
References to popular culture, Internet memes and politics were commonly visible.[39] Fandom communities participated by creating representative illustrations of their respective subcultures.[36] Similar to 2017, much of the artwork was country flags.[5] This included support for Ukraine in the Russian invasion of Ukraine,[34] where Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy was depicted with sunglasses,[5] and the community that drew the Canadian flag struggled to properly draw the flag’s maple leaf.
Popular streamers on Twitch intervened in the event by instructing their viewers to quickly draw logos and symbols, often over existing images.[5][40] The streamer Félix Lengyel, better known online as xQc, peaked with 233,000 concurrent viewers on his stream because of the event, a personal record.[41][35] Lengyel's viewers would often get banned by Reddit admins,[41] and Lengyel said that he had received more death threats in a single hour than he had received in six years of streaming.[42][40]
Color palette of 2022 (day 1)[43]
Color palette of 2022 (day 2)[44]
Color palette of 2022 (day 3 and 4)[45]
2023 experiment[edit]
Reddit relaunched the r/place collaborative project on July 20, 2023, under the tagline "Right Place, Wrong Time", amid several unpopular decisions made by the company which had soured Reddit users, including one that had led to the API controversy which affected Reddit's third-party apps.[46][47] While announcing the return, Reddit stated: "Hey, what better time to offer a blank canvas to our communities than when our users and mods are at their most passionate… right?"[14]
Within the first day of the 2023 experiment, many writings of "fuck spez" ("spez" being Reddit CEO Steve Huffman's Reddit user name) were placed onto the canvas, some were large-sized, some were small-sized.[47] Another canvas writing, found among art of Germany, stated: "u/spez ist ein Hurensohn" which translates to "u/spez is a son of a bitch".[47][48] The Messenger website reported that an r/place artwork of "spez" under a guillotine was removed by Reddit; when The Messenger asked Reddit to comment, Reddit stated that it was enforcing its rules (which do not allow targeted hate of individuals).[14][49][50] Meanwhile, several other canvas writings simply stated "API".[46] There was also a canvas writing, "never forget what was stolen from us", which endorsed the Save3rdPartyApps community.[47] During canvas expansions, more protests against Huffman appeared, such as the message "spez = twat" done by users making British-themed art.[51]
In addition to art protesting Reddit, many of the early artworks were flags, plus a multi-colored canvas writing of "DICKS".[47] Among the most notable contributions came from users from the Touhou Project, osu! and Hatsune Miku subreddits,[52] who collaborated to re-animate the shadow-art music video for "Bad Apple!!" on the canvas.[53] Artworks were also created featuring the game Genshin Impact, cats with sunglasses, a Pokémon card of Charizard, and a tribute to the deceased Minecraft YouTuber Technoblade.[48][50][51][54]
Reddit users collaborating to protest spez (Reddit's CEO) during the final hours of the 2023 experiment due to the 2023 Reddit API controversy.
The canvas was expanded six times, and the project concluded on July 25, 2023.[54] During the final hours, users were limited to placing greyscale-colored tiles.[55] Users coordinated to spell out "FUCK SPEZ!" in giant white letters in the centre of the board as part of the protest.[48][55][54] The entire canvas was eventually filled with white space by the end of the project.[54]
Color palette of 2023 (day 1)[56]
Color palette of 2023 (day 2)
Color palette of 2023 (day 3)
Color palette of 2023 (day 4, 5 and 6)
Media response[edit]
The first experiment was praised for creating a sense of collectivism at a time when the Internet was to a great extent fractured and polarized.[5] The Washington Post compared Place to The Million Dollar Homepage, a 1000-by-1000-pixel website where each pixel was sold for a dollar in 2005.[5] The Conversation observed that, while the experiment demonstrated the ability of cooperation in the Internet to express people's passions, Place also showed the toxicity and exclusion of some communities.[38] The 2022 edition of the experiment caused Reddit's daily active users to reach an all-time peak.[36] Kotaku welcomed the 2022 return of the experiment, saying: "In an era where so much of the modern internet is trash, r/place has returned and it's still really cool."[34]
For the 2023 edition of r/place, The Verge commented that it was done "perhaps at the worst possible time", as some Reddit users were still "furious" over Reddit's recent decisions to charge fees for its API, to delete its chat history, and to shut down the Reddit Gold system.[46] After the 2023 edition concluded, Polygon stated that it was "different" from the previous editions, because it was "defined by the way some Redditors used the canvas to protest Reddit CEO Steve Huffman".[48]
Atlas[edit]
After the 2017 experiment, an atlas of r/place was independently developed by Roland Rytz,[57] featuring a snapshot of the final canvas, and an interactive catalog with descriptions of its different sections.[58]
A new atlas based on the same software was initiated for the subsequent 2022 experiment[59] by student Stefano Haagmans. This iteration later introduced new features, such as a timeline by which to view the development of the canvas over time.[60]
See also[edit]
Poietic Generator, a similar collaborative pixel art work created in 1986
The Button (Reddit), an April Fools' Day experiment in 2015
The Million Dollar Homepage
References[edit]
^ Simpson, Brian; Lee, Matt; Ellis, Daniel (13 April 2017). "How We Built r/Place". Upvoted. Archived from the original on 17 April 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
^ Rappaz, Jérémie (2018). "Latent Structure in Collaboration: The Case of Reddit r/Place". Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media. 12. arXiv:1804.05962. doi:10.1609/icwsm.v12i1.15013. S2CID 4941892. Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
^ a b Voon, Claire (12 April 2017). "More Than a Million Strangers Collaborate, Pixel by Pixel, on a Digital Canvas". Hyperallergic. Archived from the original on 14 June 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
^ Rauwerda, Annie (1 April 2022). "Reddit's r/Place art experiment has already devolved into beautiful chaos". Input. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
^ a b c d e f g h Lorenz, Taylor (4 April 2022). "Internet communities are battling over pixels". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
^ Weinberger, Matt (4 April 2017). "Over 1 million Reddit users waged a virtual war to create this bizarre work of art with 16 million pixels". Business Insider Australia. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
^ Cuthbertson, Anthony (11 April 2017). "From Van Gogh to a marriage proposal, Reddit Place was the internet's best experiment yet". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 13 April 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
^ Chen, Bodong; Håklev, Stian; Rosé, Carolyn Penstein (2021), Cress, Ulrike; Rosé, Carolyn; Wise, Alyssa Friend; Oshima, Jun (eds.), "Collaborative Learning at Scale", International Handbook of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 163–181, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65291-3_9, ISBN 978-3-030-65291-3, archived from the original on 5 April 2022, retrieved 5 April 2022
^ Muckensturm, Baptiste (5 April 2022). "La mosaïque sur Reddit qui entraina une guerre mondiales à coup de pixels" [The mosaic on Reddit that led to a world war with pixels]. France Culture (in French). Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
^ redtaboo (3 April 2022). "Hey everyone". r/place. Retrieved 20 July 2023. [there are] simple moderation tools [...] available to admins for this event. A small number of us have been utilizing this in order to keep the canvas safe for everyone.
^ How We Built r/place, Reddit, 2022, p. 2:40, retrieved 20 July 2023, We thoughtfully prepared safety tools, bot clustering detection, and tools to combat browser botting along with our heroic moderation team, and the humans working behind the scenes to keep redditors safe.
^ Nash, Payton (4 April 2022). "XQc's artwork gets censored by admins on r/Place". Dot Esports. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
^ Peters, Jay (20 July 2023). "Reddit's r/Place is going about as well as expected". The Verge. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
^ a b c "Angry Redditors Take Over r/Place Subreddit to Insult CEO". uk.pcmag.com. 20 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023. Others attempted to draw a guillotine executing Reddit's mascot, but they claim admins at the company have intervened to color over it.
^ a b c Cuthbertson, Anthony (11 April 2017). "From Van Gogh to a marriage proposal, Reddit Place was the internet's best experiment yet". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 13 April 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
^ Weinberger, Matt. "Reddit's new 'Place' is forcing millions of users to work together to make something great". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
^ Tindale, James (4 April 2017). "Reddit Place: April Fool's experiment reveals how the internet sees Australia". The Australian. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
^ a b Vachher, Prateek; Levonian, Zachary; Cheng, Hao-Fei; Yarosh, Svetlana (17 October 2020), "Understanding Community-Level Conflicts Through Reddit r/Place" (PDF), Conference Companion Publication of the 2020 on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 401–405, doi:10.1145/3406865.3418311, ISBN 978-1-4503-8059-1, S2CID 222838256, archived (PDF) from the original on 2 April 2022, retrieved 5 April 2022
^ Chen, Bodong; Håklev, Stian; Rosé, Carolyn Penstein (2021), Cress, Ulrike; Rosé, Carolyn; Wise, Alyssa Friend; Oshima, Jun (eds.), "Collaborative Learning at Scale", International Handbook of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 163–181, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65291-3_9, ISBN 978-3-030-65291-3, archived from the original on 5 April 2022, retrieved 5 April 2022
^ Litherland, Kristina T. (29 March 2022). "Instruction vs. emergence on r/place: Understanding the growth and control of evolving artifacts in mass collaboration". Computers in Human Behavior. 122: 106845. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106845. hdl:10852/86918.
^ "Eagles, Flyers represented in final version of Reddit's 'Place' social experiment". PhillyVoice. 3 April 2017. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
^ Oxford, Nadia (3 April 2017). "Here's the Best Game Fan Art from Reddit's r/place Canvas". USgamer. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
^ Hathaway, Jay (3 April 2017). "A new phenomenon is taking over Reddit—here's what you should know about it". The Daily Dot. Archived from the original on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
^ Weinberger, Matt (4 April 2017). "Over 1 million Reddit users waged a virtual war to create this bizarre work of art with 16 million pixels". Business Insider Australia. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
^ Israeli, Abraham; Kremiansky, Alexander; Tsur, Oren (25 April 2022). "This Must be the Place: Predicting Engagement of Online Communities in a Large-scale Distributed Campaign". Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2022. WWW '22. Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 1673–1684. arXiv:2201.05334. doi:10.1145/3485447.3512238. ISBN 978-1-4503-9096-5. S2CID 245986682.
^ a b Purdom, Clayton (3 April 2017). "Reddit gave its users something to fight over besides anime and cucks". A.V. Club. Archived from the original on 3 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
^ Serrels, Mark. "Place Was The Internet, In All Its Glory". Gizmodo. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
^ Rhode, Jason (3 April 2017). "Redditors Collaborate to Create the Iconic Picture of Our Time". pastemagazine.com. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
^ Machkovech, Sam (4 April 2017). "Did Reddit's April Fool's gag solve the issue of online hate speech?". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
^ "Reddit's April Fools' Joke Spawned a Surprisingly Awesome Social Experiment". Nerdist. 4 April 2017. Archived from the original on 6 April 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ "/r/Place Palette". lospec.com. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
^ Lyons, Kim (28 March 2022). "Reddit is bringing back r/Place, its April Fools' Day art experiment". The Verge. Archived from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
^ Rauwerda, Annie (28 March 2022). "Reddit is bringing back beloved digital art experiment, r/Place". Input. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
^ a b c d Gach, Ethan (5 April 2022). "Reddit Is Hosting What May Be The Internet's Most Wholesome Fan War". Kotaku. Archived from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
^ a b Clairouin, Olivier (4 April 2022). "Sur le forum " r/place " de Reddit, l'incroyable bataille de pixels entre internautes du monde entier" [On Reddit's "r/place" forum, the incredible battle of pixels between Internet users from all over the world]. Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
^ a b c Lin, Connie (6 April 2022). "r/Place comes together as a big win for Reddit on its road to IPO". Fast Company. Archived from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
^ Santana, Steven (4 April 2022). "Texas symbolism is embarrassingly absent in Reddit's big art project r/Place". Mysa. Archived from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022. UPDATE: It seems it's too late for Texas to add anything to r/Place. Around 5:50 p.m. Reddit users could only place white pixels on the mural. People who were trying to maintain their pieces started to erase them unintentionally.
^ a b Childs, Andrew (4 April 2022). "How r/place – a massive and chaotic collaborative art project on Reddit – showcased the best and worst of online spaces". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
^ Baldacchino, Julien (5 April 2022). "Pourquoi des internautes du monde entier bataillent pour des pixels sur le site Reddit" [Why people around the world are fighting for pixels on Reddit]. France Inter (in French). Archived from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
^ a b Williams, Demi (4 April 2022). "xQc reports getting numerous death threats over Reddit's 'Place' canvas". NME. Archived from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
^ a b Patterson, Calum (4 April 2022). "xQc breaks his Twitch viewership record as viral r/Place art stream censored by Reddit". Dexerto. Archived from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
^ Datuin, Sage (4 April 2022). "xQc says he's received more death threats in April than past 6 years combined thanks to viral r/Place art streams". Dot Esports. Archived from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
^ Sombodey. "2022 r/place Palette". Lospec. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
^ Rayo75. "r/place 2022 DAY2 Palette". Lospec. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ Infez, Paintspot. "r/place 2022 DAY3 Palette". Lospec. Archived from the original on 22 April 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
^ a b c Peters, Jay (19 July 2023). "Reddit is bringing back r/Place at perhaps the worst possible time". The Verge. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
^ a b c d e Peters, Jay (20 July 2023). "Reddit's r/Place is going about as well as expected". The Verge. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
^ a b c d Clark, Nicole (26 July 2023). "Reddit's 2023 r/Place turned into a battleground for dunking on the CEO". Polygon. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
^ Seranno, Jody (22 July 2023). "Reddit Removes Community Drawing of Its CEO Under a Guillotine". The Messenger. Archived from the original on 21 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
^ a b Serrano, Jody (27 July 2023). "Final Reddit r/Place Community Mural Underscores Anger at CEO Steve Huffman". The Messenger. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
^ a b Peters, Jay (21 July 2023). "Reddit expanded the r/Place canvas, and users immediately wrote messages cursing the CEO". The Verge. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ Zehrfeld, Maik (27 July 2023). "In r/place 2023 wurde ein komplettes Musikvideo mit Pixeln animiert". Langweiledich (in German). Archived from the original on 27 July 2023.
^ Glaze, Virginia (24 July 2023). "r/place recreates iconic Bad Apple music video with jaw-dropping timelapse". Dexerto. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
^ a b c d Peters, Jay (27 July 2023). "Here's how to watch the evolution of Reddit's r/Place canvas — including its protest art". The Verge. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
^ a b Lausson, Julien (25 July 2023). "r/Place se finit avec des pixels en noir et blanc et un ultime « fuck Spez »". Numerama (in French). Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ "r/place 2023 Day1 Palette". lospec.com. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ Rytz, Roland (4 March 2019). "The Place Atlas". GitHub. Archived from the original on 2 April 2022.
^ Kaser, Rachel (29 April 2017). "Atlas of Reddit's /r/place makes sense of beautiful chaos". The Next Web. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023.
^ MediaWeek (11 April 2022). "10.4+ million people get involved as r/place returns to Reddit". MediaWeek. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023.
^ Castello, Jay (12 April 2022). "Meet the creators of the r/place Atlas, the internet's living mural". Polygon.
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Place2017年的活动标志2022和2023年的活动标志持有者Reddit创始人乔什·沃德尔网址www.reddit.com/r/place注册需要（使用Reddit账户）用户2017年：超过一百万2022年：超过六百万推出时间首次：2017年4月1日，6年前（2017-04-01）第二次：2022年4月1日，22个月前（2022-04-01）第三次：2023年7月20日，7个月前（2023-07-20）现状已结束
Place，是一个由社交网站Reddit于2017年愚人节推出的合作性项目，同时也具有社会实验的性质。这场实验发生在Reddit上一个称为“r/place”的子版面，该网页在活动期间显示著一张画布。该网站的注册用户可以从16色的调色板中选择一个颜色，并将画布上的任意一个像素涂上该色。在像素被更动后，会有约5至20分钟不等的缓冲时间，这段期间内该用户无法再改变画布上像素的颜色[1][2]。
Place由Reddit的管理员于2017年4月3日终止，当时已经累计超过100万位用户参与过像素的编辑，约有1600万个像素被放置。且当该实验结束时，仍有超过90000位的活跃用户正在编辑像素或查看画布。这场实验被誉为是对Reddit的在线社群文化，乃至整体网络文化的绝佳呈现。
2022年3月28日，Reddit官方宣布Place将在当年的4月1日愚人节回归，并计划持续四天[3]。2022年的place活动最终于4月4日凌晨结束[4]。
历届活动[编辑]
2017年[编辑]
Place发生于一个称作“r/place”的子版面（subreddit）中，已注册Reddit的用户可以改变画布上任意一个像素的颜色。做出更动后，该用户必须经过5至20分钟的缓冲时间，才能继续改变下一个像素[5]。画布上共有100万（1000×1000）个像素，而可使用的像素颜色有16种[6]。
实验开始之初，画布上只有零星的像素分布，以及某些图片创作的初步尝试[6]。最先成形的大型结构是自画布右下角开始延伸的大片蓝色区域（又被称为“蓝色角落”），以及对宝可梦系列致敬的相关图像[7]。随着画布的开发程度增加，许多Reddit上的子版面发起了号召行动，由社群成员协力占领画布，绘制与版面主题相关的图像。例如电玩游戏、体育队伍、国家旗帜等[6][8]。
也有许多社群是专门为了参与Place而创设，这些社群合作同样在画布上产生了大量像素作品，主题包括虚构角色、网络迷因、国家旗帜、LGBT骄傲旗以及著名艺术作品的再创作，如《蒙娜丽莎》[9]和《星夜》[10][11][12]等。画布上亦存在许多象征性的图样，例如从中央开始扩散的黑色裂缝、绿色格点、横跨画布的彩虹条纹、以及上文提及的蓝色角落等[13]。当实验在2017年4月3日结束时，仍有超过90000名用户正在查看或编辑画布[5]，三天期间共有超过100万人放置了约1600万枚像素[6]。
2017活动的调色板 [14]
2022年[编辑]
2022年3月28日，Reddit官方宣布重启place活动。Place活动于2022年4月1日开始，持续了87小时。画布被两次拓展以腾出更多空间，画布大小由1000×1000扩大到2000×1000再扩大到2000×2000[15]。可用的调色板也在第二天和第三天两次扩大了，每次增加额外的8种颜色[16][17]。本次活动有超过600万用户参与[18]。在活动结束前的最后，用户被限制只能放置白色像素。最后整个画布逐渐被白色填满，恢复到原本的空白状态[19]。
2022活动的调色板（第一天） [20]
2022活动的调色板（第二天） [21]
2022活动的调色板（第三、四天） [22]
2023年[编辑]
2023年7月20日，Reddit官方宣布重启place活动，与上次place活动结束时间仅相隔一年又三个月。[23]本次活动被认为是因Reddit对API价格做出的调整争议导致用户流失而重启的活跃社区气氛的活动。[24]
2023活动的调色板（第一天）
2023活动的调色板（第二天）
2023活动的调色板（第三天）
2023活动的调色板（第四天）
评价[编辑]
Place被视为是Reddit社群的一次多元展现。影音俱乐部称其“以良性且缤纷的方式，让Reddit用户们做他们最擅长的事情：为了喜欢的事物而互相争论”[25]。而Gizmodo则称这是“对人们在网络上的合作能力的验证”[26]。许多评论者皆认为Place更广泛地体现了网络文化[27]。
参见[编辑]
Poietic Generator，一个相似的合作性像素艺术
按钮 (Reddit)，2015年由Reddit举办的另一个愚人节活动
百万美元主页，一个性质相似的网站，但每个像素以一美元的价格出售
参考资料[编辑]
^ How We Built r/Place. Upvoted. [2020-07-01]. （原始内容存档于2017-04-17） （英语）.
^ Rappaz, Jérémie. Latent Structure in Collaboration: The Case of Reddit r/place. International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media. 2018 [2022-03-31]. arXiv:1804.05962 . （原始内容存档于2020-07-02）.
^ Lyons, Kim. Reddit is bringing back r/Place, its April Fools’ Day art experiment. The Verge. 2022-03-28 [2022-03-30]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-31） （英语）.
^ Place has ended. [2022-04-06]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-13）.
^ 5.0 5.1 Weinberger, Matt. Over 1 million Reddit users waged a virtual war to create this bizarre work of art with 16 million pixels. Business Insider Australia. 4 April 2017 [4 April 2017]. （原始内容存档于4 April 2017） （英语）.
^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Cuthbertson, Anthony. From Van Gogh to a marriage proposal, Reddit Place was the internet's best experiment yet. Newsweek. 2017-04-11 [2017-04-13]. （原始内容存档于13 April 2017） （英语）.
^ Weinberger, Matt. Reddit's new 'Place' is forcing millions of users to work together to make something great. Business Insider. [2020-04-10]. （原始内容存档于4 April 2017）.
^ Tindale, James. Reddit Place: April Fool's experiment reveals how the internet sees Australia. The Australian. 4 April 2017 [4 April 2017].
^ Litherland, Kristina T. Instruction vs. emergence on r/place: Understanding the growth and control of evolving artifacts in mass collaboration. Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 122, Sept. 2021, art. 106845. 2022-03-29 [2022-03-29]. （原始内容存档于29 March 2022） （美国英语）.
^ Eagles, Flyers represented in final version of Reddit's 'Place' social experiment. PhillyVoice. 3 April 2017 [4 April 2017]. （原始内容存档于4 April 2017）.
^ Oxford, Nadia. Here's the Best Game Fan Art from Reddit's r/place Canvas. USgamer. [4 April 2017]. （原始内容存档于4 April 2017） （美国英语）.
^ Voon, Claire. More Than a Million Strangers Collaborate, Pixel by Pixel, on a Digital Canvas. Hyperallergic. 2017-04-12 [2020-04-10]. （原始内容存档于14 June 2020） （美国英语）.
^ Hathaway, Jay. A new phenomenon is taking over Reddit—here's what you should know about it. The Daily Dot. 2017-04-03 [2020-04-10]. （原始内容存档于11 August 2020） （美国英语）.
^ /r/Place Palette. lospec.com. [2022-04-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-07）.
^ 2022年Reddit r/place像素繪圖大賽落幕. 巴哈姆特. 2022-04-05.
^ R/PLACE 2022 DAY2 PALETTE. lospec. [2022-05-05]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-07）.
^ R/PLACE 2022 DAY3 PALETTE. lospec. [2022-05-05]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-22）.
^ An empty canvas, 24-colours, 6 million artists; public transport makes a splash on Reddit's 'r/place'. 国际公共交通联会. 2022-04-08 [2022-05-05]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-12）.
^ r/Place 一人限畫一點填滿虛擬畫布 成超大型集體創作藝術. HK01. 2022-04-07.
^ 2022 r/place Palette. lospec.com. [2022-04-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-07）.
^ r/place 2022 DAY2 Palette. lospec.com. [2022-04-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-07）.
^ r/place 2022 DAY3 Palette. lospec.com. [2022-04-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-22）.
^ reddit_irl. r/place is back (again). r/place. 2023-07-20 [2023-07-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-25）.
^ n_ovak. Spez after making the API expensive thinking it will make reddit more money:. r/place. 2023-07-20 [2023-07-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-20）.
^ Purdom, Clayton. Reddit gave its users something to fight over besides anime and cucks. A.V. Club. 3 April 2017 [4 April 2017]. （原始内容存档于3 April 2017）.
^ Serrels, Mark. Place Was The Internet, In All Its Glory. Gizmodo. [4 April 2017]. （原始内容存档于4 April 2017） （英语）.
^ Rhode, Jason. Redditors Collaborate to Create the Iconic Picture of Our Time. pastemagazine.com. [4 April 2017]. （原始内容存档于4 April 2017） （英语）.
外部链接[编辑]
官方网站 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
网站技术说明 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
2022年最终画布截图 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
2017年标注版画布 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
2022年标注版画布 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Place&oldid=79741415”
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Place2017年的活動標誌2022和2023年的活動標誌持有者Reddit创始人喬什·沃德爾网址www.reddit.com/r/place注册需要（使用Reddit賬戶）用户2017年：超過一百萬2022年：超过六百万推出时间首次：2017年4月1日，6年前（2017-04-01）第二次：2022年4月1日，22個月前（2022-04-01）第三次：2023年7月20日，7個月前（2023-07-20）现状已结束
Place，是一個由社群網站Reddit於2017年愚人節推出的合作性專案，同時也具有社會實驗的性質。這場實驗發生在Reddit上一個稱為「r/place」的子版面，該網頁在活動期間顯示著一張畫布。該網站的註冊使用者可以從16色的調色盤中選擇一個顏色，並將畫布上的任意一個像素塗上該色。在像素被更動後，會有約5至20分鐘不等的緩衝時間，這段期間內該使用者無法再改變畫布上像素的顏色[1][2]。
Place由Reddit的管理員於2017年4月3日終止，當時已經累計超過100萬位使用者參與過像素的編輯，約有1600萬個像素被放置。且當該實驗結束時，仍有超過90000位的活躍使用者正在編輯像素或檢視畫布。這場實驗被譽為是對Reddit的線上社群文化，乃至整體網路文化的絕佳呈現。
2022年3月28日，Reddit官方宣布Place將在當年的4月1日愚人節回歸，並計劃持續四天[3]。2022年的place活动最終于4月4日凌晨结束[4]。
歷屆活動[编辑]
2017年[编辑]
Place發生於一個稱作「r/place」的子版面（subreddit）中，已註冊Reddit的使用者可以改變畫布上任意一個像素的顏色。做出更動後，該使用者必須經過5至20分鐘的緩衝時間，才能繼續改變下一個像素[5]。畫布上共有100萬（1000×1000）個像素，而可使用的像素顏色有16種[6]。
實驗開始之初，畫布上只有零星的像素分佈，以及某些圖片創作的初步嘗試[6]。最先成形的大型結構是自畫布右下角開始延伸的大片藍色區域（又被稱為「藍色角落」），以及對寶可夢系列致敬的相關圖像[7]。隨著畫布的開發程度增加，許多Reddit上的子版面發起了號召行動，由社群成員協力佔領畫布，繪製與版面主題相關的圖像。例如電玩遊戲、體育隊伍、國家旗幟等[6][8]。
也有許多社群是專門為了參與Place而創設，這些社群合作同樣在畫布上產生了大量像素作品，主題包括虛構角色、網路迷因、國家旗幟、LGBT驕傲旗以及著名藝術作品的再創作，如《蒙娜麗莎》[9]和《星夜》[10][11][12]等。畫布上亦存在許多象徵性的圖樣，例如從中央開始擴散的黑色裂縫、綠色格點、橫跨畫布的彩虹條紋、以及上文提及的藍色角落等[13]。當實驗在2017年4月3日結束時，仍有超過90000名使用者正在檢視或編輯畫布[5]，三天期間共有超過100萬人放置了約1600萬枚像素[6]。
2017活動的調色盤 [14]
2022年[编辑]
2022年3月28日，Reddit官方宣布重启place活动。Place活动于2022年4月1日开始，持续了87小时。画布被两次拓展以腾出更多空间，画布大小由1000×1000扩大到2000×1000再扩大到2000×2000[15]。可用的调色板也在第二天和第三天两次扩大了，每次增加额外的8种颜色[16][17]。本次活动有超过600万用户参与[18]。在活动结束前的最后，用户被限制只能放置白色像素。最后整个画布逐渐被白色填满，恢复到原本的空白状态[19]。
2022活動的調色盤（第一天） [20]
2022活動的調色盤（第二天） [21]
2022活動的調色盤（第三、四天） [22]
2023年[编辑]
2023年7月20日，Reddit官方宣布重启place活动，与上次place活动结束时间仅相隔一年又三个月。[23]本次活动被认为是因Reddit对API价格做出的调整争议导致用户流失而重启的活跃社区气氛的活动。[24]
2023活動的調色盤（第一天）
2023活動的調色盤（第二天）
2023活動的調色盤（第三天）
2023活動的調色盤（第四天）
評價[编辑]
Place被視為是Reddit社群的一次多元展現。影音俱樂部稱其「以良性且繽紛的方式，讓Reddit使用者們做他們最擅長的事情：為了喜歡的事物而互相爭論」[25]。而Gizmodo則稱這是「對人們在網路上的合作能力的驗證」[26]。許多評論者皆認為Place更廣泛地體現了網路文化[27]。
參見[编辑]
Poietic Generator，一個相似的合作性像素藝術
按鈕 (Reddit)，2015年由Reddit舉辦的另一個愚人節活動
百萬美元首頁，一個性質相似的網站，但每個像素以一美元的價格出售
參考資料[编辑]
^ How We Built r/Place. Upvoted. [2020-07-01]. （原始内容存档于2017-04-17） （英语）.
^ Rappaz, Jérémie. Latent Structure in Collaboration: The Case of Reddit r/place. International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media. 2018 [2022-03-31]. arXiv:1804.05962 . （原始内容存档于2020-07-02）.
^ Lyons, Kim. Reddit is bringing back r/Place, its April Fools’ Day art experiment. The Verge. 2022-03-28 [2022-03-30]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-31） （英语）.
^ Place has ended. [2022-04-06]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-13）.
^ 5.0 5.1 Weinberger, Matt. Over 1 million Reddit users waged a virtual war to create this bizarre work of art with 16 million pixels. Business Insider Australia. 4 April 2017 [4 April 2017]. （原始内容存档于4 April 2017） （英语）.
^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Cuthbertson, Anthony. From Van Gogh to a marriage proposal, Reddit Place was the internet's best experiment yet. Newsweek. 2017-04-11 [2017-04-13]. （原始内容存档于13 April 2017） （英语）.
^ Weinberger, Matt. Reddit's new 'Place' is forcing millions of users to work together to make something great. Business Insider. [2020-04-10]. （原始内容存档于4 April 2017）.
^ Tindale, James. Reddit Place: April Fool's experiment reveals how the internet sees Australia. The Australian. 4 April 2017 [4 April 2017].
^ Litherland, Kristina T. Instruction vs. emergence on r/place: Understanding the growth and control of evolving artifacts in mass collaboration. Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 122, Sept. 2021, art. 106845. 2022-03-29 [2022-03-29]. （原始内容存档于29 March 2022） （美国英语）.
^ Eagles, Flyers represented in final version of Reddit's 'Place' social experiment. PhillyVoice. 3 April 2017 [4 April 2017]. （原始内容存档于4 April 2017）.
^ Oxford, Nadia. Here's the Best Game Fan Art from Reddit's r/place Canvas. USgamer. [4 April 2017]. （原始内容存档于4 April 2017） （美国英语）.
^ Voon, Claire. More Than a Million Strangers Collaborate, Pixel by Pixel, on a Digital Canvas. Hyperallergic. 2017-04-12 [2020-04-10]. （原始内容存档于14 June 2020） （美国英语）.
^ Hathaway, Jay. A new phenomenon is taking over Reddit—here's what you should know about it. The Daily Dot. 2017-04-03 [2020-04-10]. （原始内容存档于11 August 2020） （美国英语）.
^ /r/Place Palette. lospec.com. [2022-04-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-07）.
^ 2022年Reddit r/place像素繪圖大賽落幕. 巴哈姆特. 2022-04-05.
^ R/PLACE 2022 DAY2 PALETTE. lospec. [2022-05-05]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-07）.
^ R/PLACE 2022 DAY3 PALETTE. lospec. [2022-05-05]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-22）.
^ An empty canvas, 24-colours, 6 million artists; public transport makes a splash on Reddit's 'r/place'. 国际公共交通联会. 2022-04-08 [2022-05-05]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-12）.
^ r/Place 一人限畫一點填滿虛擬畫布 成超大型集體創作藝術. HK01. 2022-04-07.
^ 2022 r/place Palette. lospec.com. [2022-04-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-07）.
^ r/place 2022 DAY2 Palette. lospec.com. [2022-04-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-07）.
^ r/place 2022 DAY3 Palette. lospec.com. [2022-04-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-22）.
^ reddit_irl. r/place is back (again). r/place. 2023-07-20 [2023-07-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-25）.
^ n_ovak. Spez after making the API expensive thinking it will make reddit more money:. r/place. 2023-07-20 [2023-07-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-20）.
^ Purdom, Clayton. Reddit gave its users something to fight over besides anime and cucks. A.V. Club. 3 April 2017 [4 April 2017]. （原始内容存档于3 April 2017）.
^ Serrels, Mark. Place Was The Internet, In All Its Glory. Gizmodo. [4 April 2017]. （原始内容存档于4 April 2017） （英语）.
^ Rhode, Jason. Redditors Collaborate to Create the Iconic Picture of Our Time. pastemagazine.com. [4 April 2017]. （原始内容存档于4 April 2017） （英语）.
外部連結[编辑]
官方網站 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
網站技術說明 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
2022年最终画布截图 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
2017年标注版画布 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
2022年标注版画布 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Place&oldid=79741415”
分类：愚人節笑話數位藝術网络文化群体过程Reddit2017年建立的网站隐藏分类：CS1英语来源 (en)CS1美国英语来源 (en-us)使用多个图像且自动缩放的页面
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4月1日 Reddit 上线的 Place 大型开放世界多人在线游戏_哔哩哔哩_bilibili
4月1日 Reddit 上线的 Place 大型开放世界多人在线游戏_哔哩哔哩_bilibili 首页番剧直播游戏中心会员购漫画赛事投稿4月1日 Reddit 上线的 Place 大型开放世界多人在线游戏
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2017-04-02 20:20:50
473620475http://spacescience.tech/place/
4.1日愚人节，Reddit上线了一个叫做Place的节点，它是一块空白的巨大画布，每个用户每10分钟会得到一个机会，可以选一种颜色，在上面点一个点（后来间隔时间被修改成5分钟）。
地址： https://www.reddit.com/r/place/
视频来源：http://spacescience.tech/place/文化纪实艺术纪录片趣味科普人文
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Reddit社交实验：百万用户共同作画的“并行生产”的新想象-虎嗅网
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2019-07-03 14:00
Reddit社交实验：百万用户共同作画的“并行生产”的新想象全媒派©关注本文来自微信公众号：全媒派（ID：quanmeipai），作者：腾讯传媒2017年4月1日上午，Reddit上发布了一则愚人节的社交实验公告。点击进入后，显示器上会闪过一块空白的灰色屏幕，上面有一个调色板、一个滑块和一个写有“r/place”的标题。这样的一幅画布上，有几个像素已经上色了，点击一个像素，它会变成红色，同时一个5分钟的计时器开始在屏幕上闪烁。这个乍看让人摸不着头脑的东西，可以说，是人类历史上最伟大的合作之一的开始。Reddit的“Place”称得上是协作生产中的一个里程碑，尽管它的设计非常简单——Place其实是一个1000 X 1000的网格，Reddit用户有72小时使用时间，在此期间，用户可以随心所欲地决定这百万像素的颜色。任何人都可以给任何像素上色，即使之前有人给它上过色，但每个像素的每次重新填色之间有5分钟的“冷却”时间。GIF这并不是一个新的原创游戏，2005年“百万美元主页”网站曾以1美元1个像素的价格出售版面给广告公司。而十多年后，Place的“5分钟冷却时间”给了用户流动性的创作空间，游戏头像、品牌标识、各国旗帜甚至蒙娜丽莎的肖像都在页面上活跃起来。在三天时间里，用户实时在线人数一直保持在10万以上，总共超过100万独立用户为这个平台做出了贡献，填色的像素数量超过1600万。可以说，Place是一场前所未有的大规模合作。Place最有趣的不是它的规模，而是它培养极富创造力的社区的方式。Place没有管理员，没有版主或监管员，不需要管理用户和他们的行动，只有用户自己在塑造着这个平台。如何能让100万用户自发产生如此结构化的东西？本期我们编译Medium专栏作家Ishira Fernando的文章，看看Reddit的Place是怎么掌握这个秘诀的。并行生产：用户的自愿贡献与迅速流失Place是“并行生产”（Peer Production）的一个令人震惊的例子，这个术语由哈佛大学法学院的Yochai Benkler提出，它代表了“用户在没有管理者直接监督的情况下，为一个组织的信息或文化做出贡献的过程”，更抽象一点即为“通过汇集分散的投入和努力来有效地完成特定任务”。Benkler的著作《网络财富》（The Wealth of Networks）就是一部介绍和召唤“并行生产”的作品，自出版以来的13年里在全世界掀起了一场风暴。虽然Benkler很有预见性，但他没有看到并行生产的问题。在《并行生产的局限》（The Limits of Peer Production）一书中，Daniel Kreiss博士痛斥Benkler忽视了参与式文化的失败。首先，Kreiss担心“个人道德”（Private Morality）在其中的影响：在并行生产的情况下，个人用户根据他们的贡献获得比其他用户更多的权力，虽然这看起来是公平的，但这形成了等级权力结构，违反了并行生产的开放性质，造成了很大的进入壁垒。以开源系统Linux为例，推出近30年后的今天，Linux内核邮件列表上的合作看起来与过去很不一样。很长一段时间以来，开发人员已经掌握了平台的权力，以精英领导的作风垄断了代码审查过程，经常使用恶毒的语言来攻击新成员的代码冗余。45%从事软件开发的公司都使用过并行生产的方法，如Linux、GitHub、Wikipedia除了个人道德外，另外一个问题是合作停滞（Collaboration Stagnation）。这其中包含参与性文化失败的两种特征：1. 尽管总用户数不断增加，但活跃用户数仍在减少；2. 无法在协作中对较旧的项目进行二次创新，导致随着协作的老化而缺乏准确性/可扩展性。维基百科的用户数量，蓝色代表新增注册用户，棕色代表活跃用户最典型的案例就是维基百科。自2000年初的维基百科诞生以来，一直到2007年初，维基百科都经历了近乎指数式的增长。在此后的12年里，维基百科失去了近43%的活跃贡献者，尽管在同一时期内，维基百科的用户总数增加了200多万。随着活跃用户的减少，最后社区男女比例也严重失衡，每10个活跃贡献者中，有9个是男性。Place的秘诀：“伪民主”结构与社区价值为了防止如Linux内部出现的个人主义行为破坏协作，并行生产平台的架构必须强调社区价值和用户行为发展。我们可以从Reddit的模式中寻求启发——它的关键特征之一是论坛的“伪民主”性质。Subreddit是Reddit中对各个版块的称呼，其中每一个帖子都可以被用户，也就是Redditor，更改或关闭，这就创建了一种简单有效的机制来照顾整体的用户情绪。在Place里，这种“伪民主”的结构简化了用户提出艺术作品想法的过程，直接基于最后的社区行为来决定删留。一条关于填色蒙娜丽莎的帖子获得了高赞，很显然，Redditor们都很认可它同时，Subreddit这样的社区根基并没有减损Place用户的个人自主权。每个用户都有相同的权力，无论是放置一个像素，在Subreddit发帖，或对一个主题进行投票，基于社区的行动模式从来没有要剥夺个人行动的权力。最终我们看到，Place呈现出令人惊叹的多样性，形成了一幅琳琅满目的画布，忠实地代表了创作者的不同利益、社区和文化。在并行生产中，社区型架构带来的影响在Place实验进行过程中，一个名叫The Void（虚空）的组织开始对Place发起了攻击。他们最开始是在Reddit的兄弟论坛4Chan上搞事，后来转向了Place，目的就是要彻底摧毁Place。他们从画布中间的空隙开始慢慢地向外吞噬，用黑色吞没了其所经之处的所有艺术品，留下了一个废弃的、毫无生气的像素黑洞。然而，在一系列令人毛骨悚然的事件后，The Void的行动最终却成为了Place重焕光彩的复兴力量。是摧毁还是再创作？当The Void的成员们正忙着扩大他们的边界时，其他的Subreddits开始利用这块新铺好的画布，在空隙留下的洞穴状的尾迹中间“修建商店”。就像一场森林大火将绿叶烧为灰烬，这片空旷的土地留下了一片肥沃的画布，供人们创作新的、经过重新加工的艺术品。除此之外，现有的艺术作品还不能坐以待毙，必须不断地加强这些作品，重新征服他们网格中的每一个像素，以防止The Void渗透到他们的作品中。看看社区r/murica是如何击退The Void的：一旦The Void吞没了国旗，用户就会成群结队地登上画布，以夺回“美国领土”，热图上整个国旗像素强度的峰值也清晰地呈现了这一过程。The Void一攻击，用户立马冲了上去这就是另一个特点，以价值为中心的协作。虽然以社区为导向的架构满足了Schwartz所描述的人类对变化、自我提升和自我超越的渴求，但它并不一定满足人们对“保护”的渴望。在Place，用户在画布上创作艺术作品的安全性，以及改变它的其他人对“5分钟冷却”这一规则的遵守，都满足了对话的愿望。当The Void威胁到Place的安全时，用户被原始的保护欲望所驱使，并再次出现在画布上，以确保他们的“遗产”得到保护。The Void其实为二次创作开辟了肥沃的土壤显然，“删除威胁”是解决合作停滞的有效手段。但并不是所有的威胁都一定是恶意的，它可以通过多种方式来实现，最简单的方法可能是成立一个贡献者小分队，他们的唯一任务是指定任何可能损害项目完整性的产品部分。例如，为了确保该平台保持最佳状态（如完整的维基百科或精益Linux内核），一旦受到威胁警告，任何未及时更新的组件都应从该平台上删除，并向其他用户开放供其使用。不过也要提醒一句：负责删除的组织架构必须精心设计，以避免它们过于强大，以减轻个人道德浮现的威胁。What's Next?尽管在Place见证了这么多令人难以置信的东西，但它几乎没有什么现实世界的意义，地球也不会因为Reddit开发人员在Place上的点击有什么太大变化。但话说回来，维基百科和Linux以及其他许多并行生产平台都是大规模的全球性组织，支撑着现代生活。如果没有Linus Torvalds的爱好，很难想象今天的技术会是怎样一番图景。如果维基百科没有普及网络上的协作行动，互联网也将会是一个截然不同的地方。此外，Place也不是并行生产的伊甸园，它也被自己的无数问题所困扰，比如机器人、接口故障和地盘争夺战。那么，我们如何保证我们从用户在Place的行动中得出的结论能够推广到具有更大社会经济影响的协作上呢？Place真正的美感是在于，这是我们第一次以最纯粹的形式观察大规模并行生产实例的运行情况，每个用户拥有与其他用户完全相同的权力，这意味着方程中没有混杂的第三个变量——人。尽管具有深浅不一的影响，但所有并行生产的实例都是由为保持其运行而辛苦工作的人定义的，无论人们在哪个平台上工作，其固有的价值观都是一样的。尽管Place可能不像其他无数平台那样有同样的利害关系，但它有同样的推动力。因此，通过观察Place如何利用以价值为中心的协作的力量，我们能够将这种理解应用到其他平台，并相信这些平台中的人员能培养相同的价值观，并做出相同的反应。希望基于对并行生产的更深层次的理解，我们可以说服协作平台放弃孤立的、精英领导的开发圈子，转而支持多样化的、以价值为中心的协作。“有一块空画布。你可以在上面放置一块瓷砖，但你必须等待另一块瓷砖。你可以单独创造一些东西。但你们可以一起创造更多的东西。”- r/Place本文来自微信公众号：全媒派（ID：quanmeipai），作者：腾讯传媒本内容为作者独立观点，不代表虎嗅立场。未经允许不得转载，授权事宜请联系hezuo@huxiu.com如对本稿件有异议或投诉，请联系tougao@huxiu.com正在改变与想要改变世界的人，都在 虎嗅APP
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像素涂鸦地图开发经验，做中国版 RedditPlace - 知乎
像素涂鸦地图开发经验，做中国版 RedditPlace - 知乎切换模式写文章登录/注册像素涂鸦地图开发经验，做中国版 RedditPlaceMapbox中国Mapbox「开发者故事」栏目正式开始了！在这里，无论你是初学者、爱好者，还是资深的工程师、管理者，我们都会一视同仁地欢迎你在这里分享你的得意项目、开发思想和心得、甚至是有趣的技术故事。Mapbox希望让每位开发者，都变成KOL！ 本期分享者本期为大家带来的是一个非常精简但是充满梦想的2人小团队，由一位来自中国的独立游戏制作人和一位来自泰国的全栈工程师组成，对LBS充满了激情。在过去的半年里，他们每周末都会抽出半天时间、找一家奶茶店进行游戏设计和制作，使用Mapbox 的 Maps SDK for iOS，开发了一款叫做《VPER》的 LBS 社交游戏，你可以使用像素涂鸦，来占领你身边的世界。开发团队在TapTap上对《VPER》的介绍语很短：「世界已经被真实的物理信息填满了，为何不重新造一个地球呢？」这是探索游戏边界的一次勇敢尝试。2人团队：来自中国的独立游戏制作人（左） 来自泰国的全栈工程师（右） 思路来源还记得2017年愚人节期间的 Reddit Place 吗？欧美最大的在线社区Reddit在2017年愚人节时发起的Reddit Place活动，要求用户在72小时内，在一个1000 * 1000 像素（100万个像素）的巨大画布上对某块像素填涂颜色，如果你想要画出相应的图案，就必须要和他人协作完成。72小时后，在10万多人的贡献下，整个画布变成了下面这个样子。单一的像素最简单、很容易被理解，但是汇集起来却有巨大的力量，能改变目之所及的一切。后来，我们就萌生了创作《VPER》的想法，但不仅仅是在一个平面图上，而希望是整个世界。因为LBS更能表露出一种冒险的态度，并且具有实际交换的价值。将像素和LBS结合，可能会是一个爆款的社交+创意应用！ 原型定义在和团队进行脑暴的时候，我们拼命地在思考一个问题：「我们应该如何与地图进行交互？」大家用地图是为了看交通地理信息，而我们更想让地图成为一种社交的媒介，并且充分尊重用户的自我体验，希望赋予每位用户改变世界的权力：重新定义世界：我们定义每10平方米作为一个格子单元，把世界切割成了17万亿个格子，使全世界同步到一个服务器中。重新探索世界：你可以通过独一无二的地理代码（V-code），抵达世界任意角落，探索所有人的像素创作。重新创造世界：你可以在当前地理位置有限范围任意涂鸦，一旦占领将永久拥有。 用户体验设计这款LBS社交游戏的初衷之一，是希望人们可以走出去探索这个世界的地图。，比如坐在沙发上的你，涂鸦占领了目前区域之后，还想继续创作，可能就需要走出去坐一站地铁、或者到附近的公园、或者去找朋友聚个会，你就能开始一块新的设计。开屏动画我们进行了精心的设计，另外，在充分考虑了用户体验后，我们想让填充像素的过程变得充满趣味，比如填充每个像素的时候，不同的颜色会对应不同的音效。 关于地图开发VPER很重要的一个部分就是地图，所以在选择地图SDK的时候我们很谨慎，最后选择了Mapbox。Mapbox 对开发者的支持程度非常高，我们可以很自由地编辑，例如改变3D建筑、进行自定义地貌等等，几乎那些看似「天马行空」的想法都能用 Mapbox 实现出来。我们使用的是 Maps SDK for iOS，官网上有比较详细的文档，支持多种地图样式、离线地图、快速矢量地图，还能结合其他Mapbox工具加速我们的开发。我们的应用能够在半年内开发到这个程度，也是要感谢Mapbox了。不过，在开发的过程中，我们也会贡献一些建议给到官方。比如我们很希望Mapbox可以支持特定花纹的叠加、以及3D球形地图。 关于未来已经有一些小伙伴在为我们做内测了，下面是一些很不错的作品：br/>1234用VPER应用，扫描上面图中的二维码，就能知道这些像素涂鸦，在地球的什么位置了。未来我们还希望上线Galley存放大家的作品～ 内测招募！VPER团队在征集更多的iOS内测小伙伴呢，如果你感兴趣，请私信 @Mapbox中国 ，备注「你的微信号」，我们会帮你联系到官方团队进行内测准备哦。r/> ️往期回顾br/>申永范：地图UI设计工作流，从Mapbox到Sketchr/>/>❤️br/>下一位分享者就是你！上面的文章如果你觉得特别精彩，可以转发或者收藏哦！当然我们希望征集更多的开发者故事，正如开头所说：我们希望每位开发者，都能变成KOL！请扫描下方二维码，添加 Max 立即投稿哦！https://u.wechat.com/EJOgty6nfMaT2-VRLCILnK4 (二维码自动识别)当然，投稿的开发者，可以获得积分，获得限量版官方周边哦！（积分准则很快推出，稍作等待～）请在下面的平台持续关注Mapbox哦～微博@Mapbox地图数据平台，或者tag #mapbox# 知乎@Mapbox中国https://www.zhihu.com/org/mapboxzhong-guo/activities (二维码自动识别)发布于 2018-09-12 23:21涂鸦地图mapbox赞同 3添加评论分享喜欢收藏申请
r/place 像素大战：部族主义最“好”的那面 - 哔哩哔哩
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关注Reddit 再次推出 r/place 画布，允许每个用户每隔五分钟改变其上单一像素的颜色。考验社群组织力和应变力的活动，很快变成了部族主义担当主角的战场。结果不算太坏。最有趣的互联网社会生态实验在今天结束。它和我们关系不大，不过这并没有关系，因为我们已经习惯了。Reddit 时隔五年带回了 r/place 项目，一块巨型空白画布，允许注册用户在 4.1-4.4 之间每隔五分钟为其中的一个像素改变颜色。“你可以一个人进行创作，但如果你和大家一起，你们可以创作更多”。这块画布在 2017 年的愚人节首次上线，由 Josh Wardle 策划（他后来推出了爆款猜单词游戏 Wordle）。混沌无序状态诞生的第一个东西，是我们常见的公厕涂鸦。显然，当网民学习到了新的创作方式时，他们的第一反应是画生殖器和写骂人话。不过大小社群很快反应过来，通过各个渠道组织集体创作，积极协调外交和保卫地盘。国旗、经典画作、粉圈 icon 成为主旋律，你可以看到数万网友帮某位用户求婚（并目睹人们把“我爱你嫁给我”改成“我恨你你是个X子”），欣赏像素化的《星空》和《蒙娜丽莎》，也会在中央找到最火星战梗：Did you ever hear the tragedy of Darth Plagueis the Wise？创作，变化，集体，是 r/place 的核心概念。按照五分钟仅能改变一个像素的效率，个体绝无可能留下重要的痕迹。它因此成为了各社群比拼组织力、忠诚度、施加文化影响力的战场。这在今年的活动中更为明显。Reddit 在 3 月底就提前通知了 r/place 的回归，这让参与者有充足的时间设计图案、制定战术、找好同盟，并为各种意外准备预案，而 Discord 和 Twitch 等平台的崛起，也为交流合作提供了最大便利。因此不同于五年前，这场实验的重点不再是观察混沌中涌现的秩序，而是考验参与社群的组织力、应变力，同时审视更有纪律的动态变化。星战不愧是第一粉圈所以，你要么属于某个社群，为它的创作献上一些像素，要么当一头独狼，只能顺手帮助顺眼的作品击退破坏者。或者自己成为破坏者——谁让他们画了那么多无聊的国旗？是的，2022 年了，主导了这场艺术试验的仍然是国家主义。活动一开始，大片国旗快速占领画布。进击的蓝黄双色让周边创作自觉让路；德国社群闪电般无限东扩的黑红黄长条被调侃为“民族习惯再放送”；法国人在新扩展的画布上又添一面巨大国旗引发众怒，反对势力努力将第二座埃菲尔铁塔修改为一个穿比基尼的屁股；比利时悄无声息地向南扩张，凭借和德国国旗一样的配色转移矛盾；本来在中心部位的美国被核平了若干次，直到他们转移到不起眼的小角落才得以生存；加拿大国旗从未被画好，因为越来越多的人发现将枫叶修改成香蕉、Canada 修改成 Banana 节目效果最佳；英国用户一觉醒来发现米字旗连同上面的大本钟、披头士和附近的阿森纳被阿根廷国旗整个抹除……谢谢捷克提醒我《鼹鼠的故事》属于他们好吧，你甚至可以称之为“元宇宙世界大战”。强调组织性和影响力的活动唤起了民族情绪并不意外，虚拟的、无害的像素地盘之争满足了一些说不出口的幻想，再以笑话的形式输出，大概不是坏事。最起码它基于创作的动机，而非破坏。而国旗相接处的双色爱心、丹麦天鹅和印度大象谈起恋爱、葡萄牙 7 号和阿根廷 10 号隔着国旗勾肩搭背，可能体现了最为积极的文化交流。可能会有毒唯震怒不过这到底有些无趣。虽然人们在用国旗圈地后开始在其上创作本土特色的艺术，但这种文化输出并没有比景点商店兜售地标明信片更有创意。当因特网给了你一个机会做些新鲜事的时候，一个相对年轻的社区想到的仍然是画游客明信片，我们好像低估了网络世界公民对国家概念的执念。好吧，意大利确实很会画◆ 虚空 ◆超过 600 万用户参加了今年的活动，每小时有 250 万块“地砖”被放置。除了激情澎湃的爱国用户外，各个粉圈也在尽力塞入自己的创作，这让画布变成了巨大的彩蛋藏宝图。大到不容忽视的星球大战海报，小到偷偷溜进每一幅作品的 Among Us 小人，空洞骑士和女巫菈妮并肩，星际牛仔斯派克和龙猫毗邻，139 话的艾伦耶格尔喊出了“我不要啊”，他的副手弗洛克在《夜巡》旁边做出噤声手势，Minecraft 玩家呈现了从进入游戏到角色死亡的动态画面，血源猎人则独自面对虚空之主。荷兰人的热情在下方模拟 xp 桌面全数体现不属于粉圈的群体也投入了一个个即兴项目，比如创作一个二维码，扫码直达……Rickroll！对了，和五年前相比，人们对“虚空”（The Void）的态度也发生了剧变。虚空势力在第一次活动中被视为无序混乱的破坏势力。它是突然出现在画布某处的黑洞，黑色触角向四面八方延展，所到之处毁灭一切创作，仅留下黑色像素。它让所有参与社区不敢安然入眠、日夜安排人手保护作品。一个提倡和平的创作活动因虚空的不确定性而险象环生。人们逐渐意识到的是，反派的存在，让作品的留存显得更加不易因而格外珍贵。而虚空本次作为维持原力平衡的力量，也让画布始终保持着变化和新鲜，旧的作品被抹除，新的作品会出现，一些社群丢失了地盘，其他社群在黑色之上获得了新机会。虚空恰恰体现了 r/place 的核心特点——画布绝非静止，它的变化和包含其中的角力、互助、妥协、新创作或是还原，才是它最吸引人之处。所以四处流窜的虚空变成了兴奋剂和小行星，重新带来平等的机会和新的领域。而背后主导社群 r/TheSwarmp 在意识到边界上的血源猎人其实非常符合其叙事时，也放弃了进一步扩张的计划。为了不影响你睡觉，我不会把最右的虚空之主截出来和虚空相比，网络主播更像最大反派。他们号召粉丝破坏小型社区的作品、用自己的标识取而代之。如果说虚空意味着混乱中立，主播现象则是自恋、个人崇拜和反原创的具象化。值得庆幸的是，大量用户抵制了主播势力，甚至有正义主播动员粉丝开启艺术守护战，很多人为恢复与自己不相干的作品而贡献了五分钟一次的添砖机会。就结果而言，最终的 r/place 呈现了互联网生态最好，或者说最值得展示的正确一面。虽然仍由国家和部族主义主导，但竞争与合作、破坏与重建的动态平衡，到底让它看起来非常多元化，而这一切都建立在艺术创作的基础上，好像非常接近网络乌托邦。不过人们也被时不时拽回现实，比如 r/place 的管理员被发现使用 bot 作图且在不断删除所有指控他使用 bot 的主题帖，比如有的作品表达了非常清晰的诉求，搜索细节并不会带给人快乐。官方审查并非按照统一标准；和大型社群相比，小社群需要付出更多的努力保护作品不被毁坏，其中的很多可能短暂地存在过便被覆盖。另一个事实是，个体的声音在这里真的不重要，除非它作为集体的一员、经由集体发出。与其说 r/place 是一个人人可以讲话的广场，不如说它是一个学校社团招新现场，倾向于支持团体发声和体现积极正面的形象，一个最年轻化的公关渠道。身处集体的好与坏无需赘言。它可以给予瞬时的快乐——好像参与了什么、好像归属于什么。我们多数人如今为属于某个群体感到安心，这也许是多年社交网站孤独经历诱发的后遗症。但它也有可能作为一种逃避机制让人忽略真实存在的问题。实际上的网络环境并不似公众审视下的 r/place 那么积极向上，而这种“多元”终究也由 Reddit 的社区规则和用户人群所定义。-FIN-本文为我原创本文禁止转载或摘编
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How We Built r/Place
Technology
Staff • April 13, 2017August 30, 2021
Brian Simpson, Matt Lee, & Daniel Ellis(u/bsimpson, u/madlee, & u/daniel)
Each year for April Fools’, rather than a prank, we like to create a project that explores the way that humans interact at large scales. This year we came up with Place, a collaborative canvas on which a single user could only place a single tile every five minutes. This limitation de-emphasized the importance of the individual and necessitated the collaboration of many users in order to achieve complex creations. Each tile placed was relayed to observers in real-time.
Multiple engineering teams (frontend, backend, mobile) worked on the project and most of it was built using existing technology at Reddit. This post details how we approached building Place from a technical perspective.
But first, if you want to check out the code for yourself, you can find it here. And if you’re interested in working on projects like Place in the future, we’re hiring!
Requirements
Defining requirements for an April Fools’ project is extremely important because it will launch with zero ramp-up and be available immediately to all of Reddit’s users. If it doesn’t work perfectly out of the gate, it’s unlikely to attract enough users to make for an interesting experience.
The board must be 1000 tiles by 1000 tiles so it feels very large.All clients must be kept in sync with the same view of the current board state, otherwise users with different versions of the board will have difficulty collaborating.We should support at least 100,000 simultaneous users.Users can place one tile every 5 minutes, so we must support an average update rate of 100,000 tiles per 5 minutes (333 updates/s).The project must be designed in such a way that it’s unlikely to affect the rest of the site’s normal function even with very high traffic to r/place.The configuration must be flexible in case there are unexpected bottlenecks or failures. This means that board size and tile cooldown should be adjustable on the fly in case data sizes are too large or update rates are too high.The API should be generally open and transparent so the reddit community can build on it (bots, extensions, data collection, external visualizations, etc) if they choose to do so.
Backend
Implementation decisions
The main challenge for the backend was keeping all the clients in sync with the state of the board. Our solution was to initialize the client state by having it listen for real-time tile placements immediately and then make a request for the full board. The full board in the response could be a few seconds stale as long as we also had real-time placements starting from before it was generated. When the client received the full board it replayed all the real-time placements it received while waiting. All subsequent tile placements could be drawn to the board immediately as they were received.
For this scheme to work we needed the request for the full state of the board to be as fast as possible. Our initial approach was to store the full board in a single row in Cassandra and each request for the full board would read that entire row. The format for each column in the row was:
(x, y): {‘timestamp’: epochms, ‘author’: user_name, ‘color’: color}
Because the board contained 1 million tiles this meant that we had to read a row with 1 million columns. On our production cluster this read took up to 30 seconds, which was unacceptably slow and could have put excessive strain on Cassandra.
Our next approach was to store the full board in redis. We used a bitfield of 1 million 4 bit integers. Each 4 bit integer was able to encode a 4 bit color, and the x,y coordinates were determined by the offset (offset = x + 1000y) within the bitfield. We could read the entire board state by reading the entire bitfield. We were able to update individual tiles by updating the value of the bitfield at a specific offset (no need for locking or read/modify/write). We still needed to store the full details in Cassandra so that users could inspect individual tiles to see who placed them and when. We also planned on using Cassandra to restore the board in case of a redis failure. Reading the entire board from redis took less than 100ms, which was fast enough.
Illustration showing how colors were stored in redis, using a 2×2 board
We were concerned about exceeding maximum read bandwidth on redis. If many clients connected or refreshed at once they would simultaneously request the full state of the board, all triggering reads from redis. Because the board was a shared global state the obvious solution was to use caching. We decided to cache at the CDN (Fastly) layer because it was simple to implement and it meant the cache was as close to clients as possible which would help response speed. Requests for the full state of the board were cached by Fastly with an expiration of 1 second. We also added the stale-while-revalidate cache control header option to prevent more requests from falling through than we wanted when the cached board expired. Fastly maintains around 33 POPs which do independent caching, so we expected to get at most 33 requests per second for the full board.
We used our websocket service to publish updates to all the clients. We’ve had success using it in production for reddit live threads with over 100,000 simultaneous viewers, live PM notifications, and other features. The websocket service has also been a cornerstone of our past April Fools projects such as The Button and Robin. For r/place, clients maintained a websocket connection to receive real-time tile placement updates.
APIRetrieve the full board
Requests first went to Fastly. If there was an unexpired copy of the board it would be returned immediately without hitting the reddit application servers. Otherwise, if there was a cache miss or the copy was too old, the reddit application would read the full board from redis and return that to Fastly to be cached and returned to the client.
Request rate and response time as measured by the reddit application
Notice that the request rate never exceeds 33/s, meaning that the caching by Fastly was very effective at preventing most requests from hitting the reddit application.
When a request did hit the reddit application the read from redis was very fast.Draw a tile
The steps for drawing a tile were:
Read the timestamp of the user’s last tile placement from Cassandra. If it was more recent than the cooldown period (5 minutes) reject the draw attempt and return an error to the user.Write the tile details to redis and Cassandra.Write the current timestamp as the user’s last tile placement in Cassandra.Tell the websocket service to send a message to all connected clients with the new tile.
All reads and writes to Cassandra were done with consistency level QUORUM to ensure strong consistency.
We actually had a race condition here that allowed users to place multiple tiles at once. There was no locking around the steps 1-3 so simultaneous tile draw attempts could all pass the check at step 1 and then draw multiple tiles at step 2. It seems that some users discovered this error or had bots that didn’t gracefully follow the ratelimits so there were about 15,000 tiles drawn that abused this error (~0.09% of all tiles placed).
Request rate and response time as measured by the reddit application
We experienced a maximum tile placement rate of almost 200/s. This was below our calculated maximum rate of 333/s (average of 100,000 users placing a tile every 5 minutes).
Get details of a single tile
Requests for individual tiles resulted in a read straight from Cassandra.
Request rate and response time as measured by the reddit application:
This endpoint was very popular. In addition to regular client requests, people wrote scrapers to retrieve the entire board one tile at a time. Since this endpoint wasn’t cached by the CDN, all requests ended up being served by the reddit application.
Response times for these requests were pretty fast and stable throughout the project.
Websockets
We don’t have isolated metrics for r/place’s effect on the websocket service, but we can estimate and subtract the baseline use from the values before the project started and after it ended.
Total connections to the websocket service
The baseline before r/place began was around 20,000 connections and it peaked at 100,000 connections, so we probably had around 80,000 users connected to r/place at its peak.
Websocket service bandwidth
At the peak of r/place the websocket service was transmitting over 4 gbps (150 Mbps per instance and 24 instances).
Frontend: Web and Mobile Clients
Building the frontend for Place involved many of the challenges for cross-platform app development. We wanted Place to be a seamless experience on all of our major platforms including desktop web, mobile web, iOS and Android.
The UI in place needed to do three important things:
Display the state of the board in real timeFacilitate user interaction with the boardWork on all of our platforms, including our mobile apps
The main focus of the UI was the canvas, and the Canvas API was a perfect fit for it. We used a single 1000 x 1000
Drawing the canvas
The canvas needed to represent the state of the board in real time. We needed to draw the state of the entire board when the page loaded, and draw updates to the board state that came in over websockets. There are generally three ways to go about updating a canvas element using the CanvasRenderingContext2D interface:
Drawing an existing image onto the canvas using drawImage()Draw shapes with the various shape drawing methods, e.g. using fillRect() to fill a rectangle with a colorConstruct an ImageData object and paint it into the canvas using putImageData()
The first option wouldn’t work for us since since we didn’t already have the board in image form, leaving options 2 and 3. Updating individual tiles using fillRect() was very straightforward: when a websocket update comes in, just draw a 1 x 1 rectangle at the (x, y) position. This worked OK in general, but wasn’t great for drawing the initial state of the board. The putImageData() method was a much better fit for this, since we were able to define the color of each pixel in a single ImageData object and draw the whole canvas at once.
Drawing the initial state of the board
Using putImageData() requires defining the board state as a Uint8ClampedArray, where each value is an 8-bit unsigned integer clamped to 0-255. Each value represents a single color channel (red, green, blue, and alpha), and each pixel requires 4 items in the array. A 2 x 2 canvas would require a 16-byte array, with the first 4 bytes representing the top left pixel on the canvas, and the last 4 bytes representing the bottom right pixel.
Illustration showing how canvas pixels relate to their Uint8ClampedArray representation
On the backend, the board state is stored as a 4-bit bitfield. Each color is represented by a number between 0 and 15, allowing us to pack 2 pixels of color information into each byte. In order to use this on the client, we needed to do 3 things:
Pull the binary data down to the client from our API“Unpack” the dataMap the 4-bit colors to useable 32-bit colors
To pull down the binary data, we used the Fetch API in browsers that support it. For those that don’t, we fell back to a normal XMLHttpRequest with responseType set to “arraybuffer”.
The binary data we receive from the API contains 2 pixels of color data in each byte. The smallest TypedArray constructors we have allow us to work with binary data in 1-byte units. This is inconvenient for use on the client so the first thing we do is to “unpack” that data so it’s easier to work with. This process is straightforward, we just iterate over the packed data and split out the high and low order bits, copying them into separate bytes of another array. Finally, the 4-bit color values needed to be mapped to useable 32-bit colors.API Response0x470xE9Unpacked0x040x070x0E0x09Mapped to 32bit colors0xFFA7D1FF0xA06A42FF0xCF6EE4FF0x94E044FF
The ImageData structure needed to use the putImageData() method requires the end result to be readable as a Uint8ClampedArray with the color channel bytes in RGBA order. This meant we needed to do another round of “unpacking”, splitting each color into its component channel bytes and putting them into the correct index. Needing to do 4 writes per pixel was also inconvenient, but luckily there was another option.
TypedArray objects are essentially array views into ArrayBuffer instances, which actually represent the binary data. One neat thing about them is that multiple TypedArray instances can read and write to the same underlying ArrayBuffer instance. Instead of writing 4 values into an 8-bit array, we could write a single value into a 32-bit array! Using a Uint32Array to write, we were able to easily update a tile’s color by updating a single array index. The only change required was that we had to store our color palette in reverse-byte order (ABGR) so that the bytes automatically fell in the correct position when read using the Uint8ClampedArray.
01230xFFD1A7FF0xFF426AA00xFFE46ECF0xFF44E0942551672092551601066625520711022825514822468255rgbargbargbargba
Handling websocket updates
Using the drawRect() method was working OK for drawing individual pixel updates as they came in, but it had one major drawbacks: large bursts of updates coming in at the same time could cripple browser performance. We knew that updates to the board state would be very frequent, so we needed to address this issue.
Instead of redrawing the canvas immediately each time a websocket update came in, we wanted to be able to batch multiple websocket updates that come in around the same time and draw them all at once. We made two changes to do this:
We stopped using drawRect() altogether, since we’d already figured out a nice convenient way of updating many pixels at once with putImageData()We moved the actual canvas drawing into a requestAnimationFrame loop
By moving the drawing into an animation loop, we were able to write websocket updates to the ArrayBuffer immediately and defer the actual drawing. All websocket updates in between frames (about 16ms) were batched into a single draw. Because we used requestAnimationFrame, this also meant that if draws took too long (longer than 16ms), only the refresh rate of the canvas would be affected (rather than crippling the entire browser).
Interacting with the Canvas
Equally importantly, the canvas needed to facilitate user interaction. The core way that users can interact with the canvas is to place tiles on it. Precisely drawing individual pixels at 100% scale would be extremely painful and error prone, so we also needed to be able to zoom in (a lot!). We also needed to be able to pan around the canvas easily, since it was too large to fit on most screens (especially when zoomed in).
Camera zoom
Users were only allowed to draw tiles once every 5 minutes, so misplaced tiles would be especially painful. We had to zoom in on the canvas enough that each tile would be a fairly large target for drawing. This was especially important for touch devices. We used a 40x scale for this, giving each tile a 40 x 40 target area. To apply the zoom, we wrapped the
